Axis limits serve to keep the robot within predefined travel ranges to prevent over-travel.

• A. They define tool orientation
• B. They disable safety interlocks
• C. They limit travel to prevent over-travel
• D. They adjust the controller clock

Answer: (C)

Axis limits establish the travel bounds for each axis, setting minimum and maximum positions so the robot cannot move beyond predefined ranges. This creates a safety envelope that prevents over-travel, protecting mechanical components, cables, and fixtures from strain or collision and enabling predictable, safe motion control. When an axis reaches a limit, the controller typically stops or slows the motion to avert damage and maintain safe operation.

This isn’t about tool orientation, which relates to the end-effector’s pose rather than the axis travel range. It also isn’t about disabling safety interlocks, which would remove protective layers, or about adjusting the controller clock, which affects timing rather than physical travel limits.